Polyvagal Theory, developed by Dr. Stephen Porges, offers a physiological and psychological framework for understanding how people cycle through mobilization, disconnection, and social engagement. At the heart of this theory is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), which underpins our lived experiences. From birth, we are wired to connect, and feeling safe is our fundamental right. As Dr. Porges notes, “With our first breath, we embark on a quest to feel safe in our bodies, environments, and relationships.” The autonomic nervous system acts as our personal surveillance system, continually asking, “Am I safe?” Its primary role is to protect us by monitoring safety and risk, attuned to the happenings within and around us and in our relationships with others.
Dr. Porges introduced the concept of neuroception, which describes how our autonomic nervous system instinctively scans for signals of safety, danger, and threats, operating without the involvement of conscious thought. Neuroception functions automatically and is influenced by our early life experiences.
Trauma or anything overwhelming can disrupt the development of the autonomic circuitry necessary for establishing safe connections and impedes the growth of emotional regulation and resilience. Individuals with trauma histories often exhibit heightened and extreme autonomic responses, which can hinder their ability to feel secure in relationships. These extreme behaviors are survival driven autonomic actions, deeply embedded in a narrative of survival. Trauma and overwhelm shifts our patterns from connection to protection, and if unresolved, these adaptive responses can become ingrained habitual patterns which can create maladaptive behaviors in our lives.
Therapy grounded in Polyvagal Theory helps clients understand the underlying reasons for their behaviors and facilitates a shift in their autonomic nervous system responses. This approach effectively addresses the conflict between the instinct to survive versus the desire for safe connection with others.